New thematic inventories and a bit more cave paleontology

A couple of thematic inventories have just been published with the involvement of the NPS Paleontology Program. One of these is the first part of a paleobotany series, eventually to be three parts covering the Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic. The first part, Matel et al. (2026), covers the Cenozoic and is available for download through February 24. This is one of the projects from the National Park Service-Paleontological Society Paleontology in the Park Fellowship Program. In it, we've worked to provide information on Cenozoic paleobotany for every park unit where it's known. (It's easier to do concisely when the record is one piece of petrified wood than when the park is, say, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, so necessarily the scale of detail varies.) For practical reasons the focus is on macrofossils, with pollen and such as an adjunct.

The other new inventory, Santucci et al. 2025, covers NPS cave paleontology from 2002 to 2023. This is presented as an update of a previous report (Santucci et al. 2001). I'm taking the opportunity here to add a postscript because the past couple of years have been very productive. First of all, we came upon a new park record: Kalaupapa National Historical Park, on the north side of Molokaʻi, Hawaii. Although main focus here is historical, this park has a very interesting geological story too, involving the collapse of a volcano and the subsequent growth of another smaller volcano. The smaller volcano is now extinct, leaving behind Kauhakō Crater. Inside the crater people have found bird bones in a cave. One is a partial ulna of the extinct flightless ibis Apteribis glenos, the other is a coracoid of Pterodroma hypoleuca, the modern Bonin petrel, which does not live on the island today (Olson and James 1982, 1991).

Also, a few things in press or under study have progressed in the past couple of years. Avid readers of this blog will know that the "musk ox" of Muskox Cave at Carlsbad Caverns National Park is now named Speleotherium logani (White et al. 2025). The Cumberland Bone Cave monograph has also been published (Eshelman et al. 2025). Most notable, though, has been the publication of work on Mammoth Cave National Park. The park inventory (Toomey et al. 2025) was mentioned here a few months back. There has also been a good short summary of the Mississippian vertebrates (Hodnett et al. 2024a) and no fewer than five new taxa: ctenacanthiforms Troglocladodus trimblei and Glikmanius careforum (Hodnett et al. 2023); petalodonts Clavusodens mcginnisi (Hodnett et al. 2024b) and Strigilodus tollesonae (Hodnett et al. 2024c); and holocephalan Macadens olsoni (Hodnett et al. 2025).

Clavusodens mcginnisi on the prowl, among the crinoids. Illustration by Benji Paysnoe for the National Park Service.

References

Eshelman, R. E., C. J. Bell, R. W. Graham, H. A. Semken, Jr., C. B. Withnell, S. G. Scarpetta, H. F. James, S. J. Godfrey, J. I. Mead, J.-P. Hodnett, and F. V. Grady. 2025. Middle Pleistocene Cumberland Bone Cave Local Fauna, Allegany County, Maryland: a systematic revision and paleoecological interpretation of the Irvingtonian, Middle Appalachians, USA. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 108.

Hodnett, J.-P., R. Toomey, H. C. Egli, G. Ward, J. R. Wood, R. Olson, K. Tolleson, J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci. 2023. New ctenacanth sharks (Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranchii; Ctenacanthiformes) from the Middle to Late Mississippian of Kentucky and Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43(3): e2292599. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2023.2292599.

Hodnett, J.-P., R. Toomey, R. Olson, K. Tolleson, R. Boldon, J. Wood, J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci. 2024a. Sharks in the dark: Paleontological resource inventory reveals multiple successive Mississippian Subperiod cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) assemblages within Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. Park Stewardship Forum 40(1): 53–67. doi: 10.5070/P540162921.

Hodnett, J.-P. M., H. C. Egli, R. Toomey, R. Olson, K. Tolleson, R. Boldon, J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci. 2024b. Obruchevodid petalodonts (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes, Obruchevodidae) from the Middle Mississippian (Viséan) Joppa Member of the Ste. Genevieve Formation at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology 98(6): 1087–1097. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2024.40.

Hodnett, J.-P., R. Toomey, R. Olson. J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci. 2024c. Janassid petalodonts (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes, Janassidae) from the middle Mississippian (Viséan) Ste. Genevieve Formation, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky USA. Historical Biology 36(9):1783–1792. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2231955.

Hodnett, J.-P., R. Toomey, H.-D. Sues, V. Santucci, K. Tolleson, and J. Tweet. 2025. A new euchondrocephalan chondrichthyan (Chondrichthyes, Euchondrocephali) from the Middle Mississippian (Viséan) Joppa Member of the Ste. Genevieve Formation at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA and a reassessment of the Lower Mississippian (Tournaisian-Viséan) “Helodus” coxanus Newberry, 1897. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 100: 87–93.

Matel, T. P., I. B. Huegele, C. R. Cace, K. M. M. Bober, L. D. Boucher, V. E. McCoy, E. J. Hermsen, S. R. Manchester, C. C. Visaggi, J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci. 2026. Cenozoic paleobotanical resource inventory of the National Park System. Elements of Paleontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781009770477.

Olson, S. L., and H. F. James. 1982. Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365: 1–59.

Olson, S. L. and H. F. James. 1991. Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands. Part I. Non-Passeriformes. Ornithological Monographs 45:1-88.

Santucci, V. L., J. Kenworthy, and R. Kerbo. 2001. An inventory of paleontological resources associated with National Park Service caves. National Park Service Geological Resources Division Technical Report NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-01/02.

Santucci, V. L., J.-P. Hodnett, P. Seiser, J. S. Tweet, and J. Wood. 2025. National Park Service cave paleontology: 2002-2023. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 87(4):108–116. doi: 10.4311/2024PA0119.

Toomey, R. S., J. S. Tweet, and V. L. Santucci , editors. 2025. Mammoth Cave National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). Science Report NPS/SR—2025/243. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. https://doi.org/10.36967/2308547 

White, R. S., J. I. Mead, and G. S. Morgan. 2025. Logan's austral scrubox, a new ovibovine (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) from Muskox Cave, Eddy County, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 101: 473–494.